FRAL: Advancing Forestry Science with Precision and Purpose

By Danvir Ramesar, ICFR, Scientist Forestry Research Analytical Laboratory

South Africa’s forestry industry relies heavily on science to remain sustainable, productive, and innovative. At the heart of this scientific foundation is the ICFR Forestry Research and Analytical Laboratory (FRAL) – the only dedicated forestry lab in the country. Unlike general analytical laboratories, FRAL is purpose-built to meet the specific analytical and research needs of the forestry sector.

Through a blend of rigorous data analysis and sector-focused research collaboration, FRAL acts as both a trusted provider of insights and a hub for innovation. This unique dual role is powered by a passionate team and state-of-the-art technology.

Precision Tools for Powerful Insights

FRAL’s reputation for accuracy, precision, and reliability rests on both the expertise of its team and the world-class analytical instruments that underpin its operations. At the core of the lab’s sample analysis workflow are three workhorse instruments:

• Perkin Elmer Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrum Element Analyser
• LECO 928 CNS Combustion Analyser
• Bruker MPA Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS)

These technologies support the lab in delivering consistent, high-quality results across a wide range of forestry applications.

The Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) is considered the gold standard for multi-element analysis. Using an argon plasma at temperatures nearing 10,000°C, it excites atoms in soil or plant extracts, causing them to emit light at specific wavelengths. The intensity of this light reveals the precise concentration of each element.

With throughput capabilities of up to 80 samples a day and sensitivity down to parts per billion (ppb), ICP-OES provides unmatched insight into the nutritional status of soils and plants. These insights directly impact yield, resilience, and forest productivity—making this technology a vital asset to South Africa’s forestry sector.

The LECO 928 CNS analyser, recently acquired by the lab, is the successor to the well-known Trumac CNS. It operates using combustion analysis, where samples are burned at 1350°C and the resulting gases analysed to determine total carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulphur (S) content.

These three elements are fundamental indicators of soil fertility, protein levels, and organic matter. As interest in carbon accounting grows – especially regarding carbon credits and emissions taxation – demand for accurate CNS analysis has surged. The 928CNS is rising to meet this challenge with improved detection levels and enhanced reliability.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is rapidly changing how samples are analysed. It works by capturing unique light absorption patterns in the 700–2500 nm range to predict sample properties – often within seconds and without damaging the sample.

Even more impressive is NIRS’s synergy with artificial intelligence and machine learning. Once models are calibrated, multiple sample traits can be predicted simultaneously, reducing costs and increasing throughput.

From assessing clonal purity in nurseries to evaluating soil organic matter, NIRS is already being used in innovative ways across the forestry value chain. As data demands grow, this technology is shining a light on faster, more sustainable analysis methods.

A Team Rooted in Excellence

No lab can succeed without the people behind the science. FRAL is staffed by a dynamic and diverse team of men and women from varied backgrounds and areas of expertise. This diversity provides the flexibility and resilience needed to process the large sample volumes typical in forestry research.

Their collective commitment ensures FRAL not only meets industry expectations but continues to drive the sector forward with integrity, intelligence, and innovation. 

Conclusion: A Pillar of Forestry Progress

In a sector where the environment, productivity, and innovation are inextricably linked, FRAL is playing a pivotal role. With a commitment to precision, state-of-the-art technology, and a passionate team, the lab continues to strengthen the scientific backbone of South African forestry—with purpose, and with pride.